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''Development as Freedom'' is a book by economist Amartya Sen, published in 1999, which focuses on international development. ==Background== Amartya Sen was the winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Economics. His book argues that economic ''development'' entails a set of linked ''freedoms'': *political freedoms and transparency in relations between people *freedom of opportunity, including freedom to access credit; and *economic protection from abject poverty, including through income supplements and unemployment relief. A state of poverty will generally be characterised by lack of at least one freedom (Sen uses the term ''unfreedom'' for lack of freedom), including a ''de facto'' lack of political rights and choice, vulnerability to coercive relations, and exclusion from economic choices and protections. From this, Sen concludes that real development cannot be reduced to simply increasing basic incomes, nor to rising average per capita incomes. Rather, it requires a package of overlapping mechanisms that progressively enable the exercise of a growing range of freedoms. Sen views free markets as an essential method of achieving freedom. His work has been criticized by those who claim that capitalism—and especially neo-liberal capitalism—reinforce unfreedoms.〔E.g. Richard Sandbrook, 2000, "Globalization and the Limits of Neoliberal Development Doctrine," ''Third World Quarterly'', Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 1071-1080〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Development as Freedom」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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